The above shows how a column of liquid of density ρ can be made to oscillate while undergoing SHM, simple harmonic motion.
When you blow gently into the tube at one end, the excess weight of the column of height, x, pushes the rest of the liquid down with a force that results in an downward acceleration.
It can be shown that the acceleration of the liquid in the column in question is proportional to the negative displacement. Therefore, the motion of the liquid is simple harmonic.
If you want to learn more about the simple harmonic motion - proofs and worked examples - please follow this link below:
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